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Prisca O. Bob and Kwekowe, U. P.
purposively selected utterances at three levels: the locutionary act, the illocutionary act, and the perlocutionary effect. Findings reveal that utterances popularly labelled "hate speech" frequently perform illocutionary acts of warning … accusing, and informing rather than incitement in the strict legal sense, while perlocutionary effects vary with the hearer's political alignment. The study argues that the classification of an utterance